Purple Tang

The Purple Tang (Zebrasoma xanthurum) is a large, active, algae‑grazing surgeonfish from the Red Sea known for its deep violet body, bright yellow tail, and strong territorial behavior. It’s hardy, long‑lived, and highly sought after, but requires a large, mature reef system. 🐠 Identity & Appearance • Scientific name: Zebrasoma xanthurum • Common names: Purple Tang, Yellowtail Tang • Coloration: Deep royal purple body with a bright yellow tail; may show fine black spotting or striping. • Size: Up to 10 inches (25 cm) as adults. • Distinctive features: Disc‑shaped body, long dorsal/anal fins, and a sharp caudal spine (“scalpel”) used for defense. 🌍 Natural Habitat • Range: Red Sea, Arabian Sea, western Indian Ocean. • Environment: Coral reefs with abundant algae and strong water movement. • Depth: Typically 1–40 m. • Role in the wild: Constant grazer that helps control algae growth on reefs. 🧠 Behavior & Temperament • Temperament: Semi‑aggressive; more aggressive than Yellow Tangs and especially hostile toward other tangs or similarly shaped species. • Territoriality: Strong—defends grazing areas and may “tail‑slap” with its scalpel. • Activity: Highly active swimmer; requires long horizontal space. 🏡 Aquarium Requirements • Minimum tank size: • 106–125 gallons+ recommended for a single adult. • Aquascape: • Large, mature reef with ample rockwork for grazing and hiding. • Long tanks with open swimming lanes reduce stress and aggression. • Water parameters: • Temp: 75–82°F • Salinity: 1.023–1.026 • pH: 8.1–8.4 • Flow & oxygen: Strong, stable flow and high oxygenation are important. 🍽️ Diet • Primary diet: Herbivore—marine algae is essential. • Foods: Nori, spirulina, herbivore pellets, and occasional mysis as a supplement. • Feeding style: Constant grazer; multiple small feedings help maintain health and coloration. 🧬 Hardiness & Lifespan • Care level: Moderate—requires stable water quality and a large tank. • Lifespan: • 15–25 years in captivity with proper care. • Common issues: Susceptible to ich and stress‑related disease if water quality fluctuates. 🪸 Compatibility • Reef‑safe: Yes—excellent algae grazer. • Tankmates: • Good: Larger wrasses, rabbitfish, angelfish, anthias. • Caution: Other tangs, especially Zebrasoma and Acanthurus species. • Best practice: Add the Purple Tang last to reduce territorial aggression.